Compliance and enforcement

We actively monitor supplier compliance with our rules. We have several sources of intelligence to help us do this effectively, including:

• routinely collecting information from energy suppliers, such as information on the level and nature of complaints they receive. Suppliers are required to be open and cooperative with Ofgem, which includes self-reporting of potential non-compliance with licence conditions or other relevant requirements
• working closely with Citizens Advice, Advice Direct Scotland and Ombudsman Services to identify systemic issues and emerging trends
• conducting targeted consumer research (including surveys) and monitoring wider consumer sentiment on social media
• reviewing information from whistleblowers within the industry.

We assess the intelligence we receive and use it to inform our compliance engagement with suppliers.

Wherever possible we try to prevent harm to consumers before it happens. We do this in several ways, including by:

• assigning a dedicated account manager to most suppliers, to provide a clear point of contact between suppliers and the Ofgem retail compliance team
• engaging with new suppliers to ensure they are aware of their regulatory obligations to customers, and working closely with existing suppliers to get to know their business, including site visits and regular telephone contact
• publishing resources to explain what we expect from suppliers, including guides to the supply licences
• publicising ongoing compliance work to confirm when Ofgem is aware of an issue and is working with a supplier to resolve it
• where appropriate, publicising the outcomes of completed compliance work. This includes individual compliance decision notices and the twice-yearly Retail Compliance and Enforcement Report, which provides a round-up of our compliance activities over the preceding six months.

We publicise compliance activities (where appropriate) in the expectation that suppliers will not only consider the lessons, but will also review and, where necessary, improve their own policies and practices.

The legal requirements that we can enforce, include:

Enforcing licence conditions and other relevant requirements

We can impose financial penalties of up to 10% of a regulated person’s turnover, make consumer redress orders and issue provisional or final orders, where appropriate, for breaches of relevant licence conditions and other relevant requirements (and certain other provisions) under the Gas Act 1986, the Electricity Act 1989, and the Energy Act 2023. 

Enforcing competition law

We can impose directions and penalties (e.g. a financial penalty on the infringing party of up to 10% of a company’s applicable turnover) for breaches of:

• the prohibitions on anti-competitive agreements and abusing positions of dominance in the Competition Act 1998

Enforcing consumer protection law

We can take action including applying to the courts for an order to stop breaches of certain consumer legislation, including under the:

• Enterprise Act 2002
• Consumer Rights Act 2015
• Business Protection from Misleading Marketing Regulations 2008.

For further information, please see section 2 of our Enforcement Guidelines.

Market investigation references

We have powers to carry out market reviews of activities connected with the generation, transmission and supply of electricity and the transportation and supply of gas.

We may also make a market investigation reference to the Competition and Markets Authority where we have reasonable grounds to suspect that any feature or combination of features prevents, restricts or distorts competition in the gas and electricity markets.

REMIT and wholesale market integrity

REMIT is Regulation (EU) no. 1227/2011 on wholesale energy market integrity and transparency, as incorporated into UK law by the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 as amended by the European Union (Withdrawal Agreement) Act 2020 on 1 January 2021. It is a mechanism for reporting and preventing wholesale energy market abuse, in force since 28 December 2011.

For detailed information about REMIT, including how to register as a participant, please go to REMIT and wholesale market integrity.

Enforcing the Network and Information Systems Regulations

We can impose Enforcement Notices and/or Penalty Notices for failures and contraventions under the Network and Information Systems Regulations 2018.

The Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (our governing body) is given powers by statute to make decisions about enforcement action. However, the Authority delegates decisions on many matters including breaches or infringements, the use of enforcement powers and the imposition of penalties or consumer redress payments.

The Authority’s decision-makers include its Settlement Committees, the Enforcement Decision Panel (EDP) and certain senior Ofgem employees. Our Enforcement Oversight Board also provides strategic oversight and input in relevant enforcement matters.

Powers in criminal cases

The Authority has delegated power to the Chair of the EDP or another legally qualified member of the EDP, to take decisions on whether to proceed with criminal prosecutions. This took effect on 29 February 2016 and details can be found in the Prosecution Policy Statement.

Terms of Reference and Annual Reports

We have published both the EDP's Terms of Reference and the Terms of Reference for Settlement Committees in the Committees of the Authority document on our website.

You can read details of EDP enforcement activity, and information about its members, in our EDP annual reports. These are available in our Licence and sectoral publications section.

The EDP has been authorised to take enforcement decisions on behalf of the Civil Aviation Authority for any Competition Act cases. This came into force on 22 April 2016. The Authority is indemnified in relation to any decisions taken by the EDP on behalf of the CAA.